Yes, agreed; the number may seem conservative.
What about joist running parallel to the rafters and the floor is cantilevered out the gable end; what is the calculated load for the particular roof projection slope? Do we measure the clear span across the ridge beam of a cathedral roof? What about the load bearing from hips; intersecting and flat roofs?
Foot note “a. Tabulated values are for clear-span roof supported solely by exterior bearing walls.”
Define clear-span to mean from load point to load point such as from a purlin to the exterior wall?
I see the IRC dealing with conventional framing prescribed with conservative margin of tolerances; a safety factor that cannot anticipate every possible case.
Aside from the above issues; notice the table is limited to 48”; may have to be professionally designed to offset for brace walls if one wanted to calculate or interpolate 2x12’s in the first column.