An answer to my own question:
From the commentary
602.2.1 Materials exposed within plenums. Except as
required by Sections 602.2.1.1 through 602.2.1.5, materials
within plenums shall be noncombustible or shall have a flame
spread index of not more than 25 and a smoke-developed index
of not more than 50 when tested in accordance with ASTM E
84.
Exceptions:
1. Rigid and flexible ducts and connectors shall conform
to Section 603.
2. Duct coverings, linings, tape and connectors shall
conform to Sections 603 and 604.
3. This section shall not apply to materials exposed
within plenums in one- and two-family dwellings.
4. This section shall not apply to smoke detectors.
5. Combustible materials enclosed in noncumbustible
raceways or enclosures, approved gypsum board
assemblies or enclosed in materials listed and labeled
for such application.
.:. Materials located within a plenum, regardless of
whether the plenum is constructed of or bounded by
combustible or noncombustible materials, must be
noncombustible or must have a flame spread index of
25 or less and a smoke-developed index of 50 or less
when tested in accordance with ASTM E 84.
This section addresses those items that are installed
within plenums, not the materials that bound
and create the plenum space (see Section 602.2).