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Negative air pressure in living space above commercial kitchen

ppm

Member
Joined
Mar 24, 2014
Messages
1
Location
Michigan
I have a situation in a 5 story building I manage. I have a restaurant/kitchen located on entry level and 4- 6,000 sq' single family apartments located above. During kitchen operating hours, the MAU for the kitchen hood exhaust hood is not receiving enough supply air from the outside and is actually pulling air out of the apartment located directly above. It is causing negative pressure within the apartment. We measured the air pressure during fan operation and using the outside air as a common, the apartment was a (-7.6) pascals and the restaurant was a (-14.5) pascals. The kitchen space compared to the apartment was a (-8) pascals. When we shut the MUA/hood down and measured again, the kitchen went to a (-3) pascals, apartment (-7.1) and kitchen compared to apartment was a (+1.7). When the kitchen shuts down operation at the end of the night, the smells from the kitchen penetrate the apartment above very quickly causing uncomfortable conditions for the tenants. The owners of the restaurant had the mua unit checked out and found that the fan speed was not running at peak and change out the drive pulley for a larger one,doubling the fan speed. Best we can figure, the hood is running about 2500 cfm and the supply air is still not keeping up. Supply is drawn from vents under an awning covering the front entrance to the building. It is believed that there may be some obstruction causing decreased air flow. The residential units located above the restaurant are receiving air from an ERV located on the roof top. Can anyone tell me what the responsibility/codes apply to the kitchen regarding air quality/pressure within the kitchen itself as well as when located under residential living spaces. And I welcome some professional input into what else I may want to check within the building envelope itself and finally what do you think the outcome will be if we get the kitchen supplying as much as they are exhausting in regards to the smells penetrating the apartment above.

Thank You
 
Is there an occupancy separation required between the dwellings and the restaurant? If the answer is yes, it must be deficient.
 
508.1 Makeup air.

Makeup air shall be supplied during the operation of commercial kitchen exhaust systems that are provided for commercial cooking appliances. The amount of makeup air supplied shall be approximately equal to the amount of exhaust air. The makeup air shall not reduce the effectiveness of the exhaust system. Makeup air shall be provided by gravity or mechanical means or both. For mechanical makeup air systems, the exhaust and makeup air systems shall be electrically interlocked to insure that makeup air is provided whenever the exhaust system is in operation. Makeup air intake opening locations shall comply with Sections 401.5 and 401.5.1.

508.1.1 Makeup air temperature.

The temperature differential between makeup air and the air in the conditioned space shall not exceed 10°F (6°C).

Exceptions:

1. Makeup air that is part of the air-conditioning system.

2. Makeup air that does not decrease the comfort conditions of the occupied space

I don't know if there is anything that would require the exhaust to run after hours, but you could certainly ask for it to be on a timer.....
 
Simplest fix is to increase the outside air to the apartments to keep them a few pascals net positive pressure vs the outside and vs the kitchen. The apartment negative pressure is not changing much with the kitchen fans on or off so not too much air is being pulled from the apt even with the strong negative kitchen pressures. Keeping the apartments at a positive pressure will also help stop the infiltration of dust, dirt and pollen from the outside, as well as stop cold drafts in the winter.
 
The restaurant is required to maintain their equipment.

Either through you or the ahj make a requirement for air balance test.

If problems are found they need to correct.

Also, the vent a hood and exhaust system is suppose to be cleaned periodically and not cleaning can cause problems.

Just wondering how long the space has ever been a restaurant ???
 
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