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Exit signs

Sifu

SAWHORSE
Joined
Sep 3, 2011
Messages
3,604
Car dealership showroom. Would you require exit signs and emergency illumination for the side doors? There are multiple other exit doors from the building, all marked and illuminated. They provide an exit sign at the showroom main doors, but not the sides.
1763570557629.png
It would seem that these are immediately visible to the building occupants.
 
Would you require exit signs and emergency illumination for the side doors?
I agree that this plan makes the side exits look immediately visible (therefore no exit sign per IBC 1013.1) [251120 edit - requires Exception 2, see my #15] but my question is if this immediate visibility will be hindered after they park a few cars in the showroom.

I can also imagine that they will park cars too close to the side doors such that the required door maneuvering clearances are not maintained.

The doors in a series at the main entrance don’t look like they have 48” after the inner door is open 90° per A117.1 404.2.5. Need to confirm they have a turning space in the vestibule also.
 
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The doors in a series at the main entrance don’t look like they have 48” after the inner door is open 90° per A117.1 404.2.5. Need to confirm they have a turning space in the vestibule also.
That is correct, comment already made.

Why they chose to mark the front "main" but not the others is weird, but they do use them (even though not needed) in their exit capacity calculation at each door. So may not be required, but they appear to be intended.

1763573637339.png
 
Yes, sprinkled. Front half of building is showroom, offices, storage etc., back half is repair/service. Exiting is independent for each portion. This is a front half addition to the showroom, and interior remodel, nothing on the back half. Front half has 8 exit doors, travel distance, CPET, separation is all good, I think they wouldn't need either of these two exits, but since they count them in their capacity numbers I am going with 1013.1 exc. #2, for the main exits doors.
 
That is correct, comment already made.

Why they chose to mark the front "main" but not the others is weird, but they do use them (even though not needed) in their exit capacity calculation at each door. So may not be required, but they appear to be intended.

View attachment 17134

Doors that are not required exits do not have to be marked with Exit signs. If they used certain doors in satisfying the egress numbers and/or capacity, then they ARE required exits and must be marked.
 
Doors that are not required exits do not have to be marked with Exit signs. If they used certain doors in satisfying the egress numbers and/or capacity, then they ARE required exits and must be marked.
I tend to agree, but code could be cleaner by using the word "required". In this case they apparently intend them to be exits, but I also think they qualify as immediately visible so they don't need exit signs.
 
Can I guide this into a related side-discussion? If a sign isn't required by code, but is done anyway, must the non-required sign have to meet the standards set out by Code?

Canada requires the green-and-white "running person" pictograph. If someone wants to install an exit sign when not required to do so, I will make them meet the "running person" pictograph requirements.
 
Can I guide this into a related side-discussion? If a sign isn't required by code, but is done anyway, must the non-required sign have to meet the standards set out by Code?

Canada requires the green-and-white "running person" pictograph. If someone wants to install an exit sign when not required to do so, I will make them meet the "running person" pictograph requirements.
IMO, if they provide an exit sign on a non-required exit, they are telling people that the non-required exit is an equally valid exiting option as the required exit. Therefore, it ought to function as well as a required exit, for everything from signage to egress width and slopes, etc.
Otherwise an enterprising lawyer will says it's a deception, making something appear safer than it actually is.

And the building code does not expressly prohibit misleading safety features, such as putting an exit sign on a door that goes into a closet, but it's probably covered under some kind of criminal negligence law.
 
but code could be cleaner by using the word "required"
Perhaps the intent is that all doors providing egress have exit signs.
2021 IBC 1013.1 Where Required (partial quote)
Exit and exit access doors shall be marked by an approved exit sign…
The side doors are “exterior exit doors at the level of exit discharge” (per IBC definition of “Exit”), therefore 1013.1 applies.

Not related to exit signs, but this makes me think of…
2021 IBC 1010.1 General (partial quote)
Doors, gates and turnstiles provided for egress purposes in numbers greater than required by this code shall comply with the requirements of this section.

must the non-required sign have to meet the standards set out by Code?
If an exit sign is to serve as an exit sign, even if it is not required, it should meet the requirements of the code.

I will make them meet the "running person" pictograph requirements.
That is reasonable and what I would expect if I submitted a plan for your review. If they made a change in the field and put in a non-compliant sign I would expect it to fail inspection.

misleading safety features
I’d say it’s a violation of the standard of care for an architect to intentionally include such misleading safety features.
 
Perhaps the intent is that all doors providing egress have exit signs.
Code is non-specific to whether the intent is for all doors, or required doors. So it is reasonable to say all doors, especially in light of 1010.1. But are all doors, leading from an occupied space to the exterior, that meet the requirements for exiting to be considered exits? In this case, they are exits based on the designers choice to include them in exit capacity, so that question is answered.

2018 IBC 1013.1 has separate and distinct sentences. The first says (all?) exits and exit access doors must be signed. The second then seems to say the exits and the paths to the exits and within exits must have signs but only where where not immediately visible. The third says intervening doors within exits must be signed. Then the fourth tells us how often they must be marked but only within the exit access corridor or exit passageway.

The first sentence includes everything everywhere. The remaining sentences then seem to qualify it. The second sentence is a little ambiguous to me. Does it mean only the path can be left unmarked, or does it override the first sentence since it says "where the exit or the path" can be unmarked if "immediately visible"? The third sentence seems to imply that when there is a door, the path is no longer immediately visible, so a sign must be provided but that being the case, it seems redundant. The fourth is also a little ambiguous, since it applies only to some sort of enclosed corridor/passageway, not a big room, or an unenclosed path.

The issue is further clouded (for me anyway) by exc. #2, which says the main exterior exit door can be unmarked if "obviously and clearly identifiable" as the exit, but wouldn't that also be covered by sentence #2 since "obviously and clearly identifiable" would seem to be the same as "immediately visible" and applies to all exits or paths? Does this exception undo non-main exterior exit doors even of they are "immediately visible" because it includes only the main exterior exit door?

Maybe newer code has clarified or revised the language, I'll check that later, but it is a little bit of word salad to me. I am going with unmarked as OK, via sentence #2.

Whew, neve thought I'd have to think so hard about exit signs.
 
The issue is further clouded (for me anyway) by exc. #2, which says the main exterior exit door can be unmarked if "obviously and clearly identifiable" as the exit, but wouldn't that also be covered by sentence #2 since "obviously and clearly identifiable" would seem to be the same as "immediately visible" and applies to all exits or paths? Does this exception undo non-main exterior exit doors even of they are "immediately visible" because it includes only the main exterior exit door?

The 2021 IBC Commentary offers the following guidance:

1763653104522.png

I have always understood exception #2 to be based on the same rationale as what the Commentary attributes to #1 and #3. It comes down to human nature. In a panic situation, people's natural first response is to try to escape by the route they followed when entering. This is the same rationale that leads to requiring "main" entrance/exits to be sized larger than other exits in places of assembly with large occupant loads. If you're shopping in Walmart, most people don't have any idea where the secondary exits are located, but wherever they are in the store most people will retain a general sense of where they came in. Same applies in a movie theater. IMHO, it has less to do with being able to visually identify the main entrance as an exit and more to do with knowing it's a door that leads outside because that's the door you can in through.
 
I agree that this plan makes the side exits look immediately visible (therefore no exit sign per IBC 1013.1)
I’m modifying what I originally said. I said the exit doors look immediately visible and therefore no sign is required, but the second sentence in the main part of 1013.1 applies to the path, not the door, as noted below. The sign can still be omitted by using Exception 2 which requires approval of the building official.

but wouldn't that also be covered by sentence #2 since "obviously and clearly identifiable" would seem to be the same as "immediately visible" and applies to all exits or paths?
No, Exception 2 is speaking to the door, the main language speaks to the path to the door:

1. Sentence 1: all exits and exit access doors need a sign.
2. Sentence 2: “The path of egress travel to exits and within exits shall be marked by readily visible exit signs to clearly indicate the direction of egress travel in cases where the exit or the path of egress travel is not immediately visible.”
3. Exception 2: modifies Sentence 1 so you can omit the exit sign at the main entrance door if the door is obviously an exit door and if the building official approves.

But are all doors, leading from an occupied space to the exterior, that meet the requirements for exiting to be considered exits?
That’s a good question. I would say it’s the designer’s choice, as you noted, if the door is included in the calculation for egress capacity it is an exit.
 
So I am left with exception 3, "main exterior exit doors", the plural being the operative element. So the pathway(s) doesn't have to be marked because it is immediately visible, and the doors don't have to be marked because the are obvious. Both are subjective, so the building official is left with the directive to decide on whether the exit door location is obvious, and reader of the code is left with the directive to determine whether something is immediately visible.

Good golly, I think I'm right back where I started!
 
If it is not required…don’t mark it…please…pretty please….with sugar on top…
I had a tenant fit up where there was one of these non-required exits that were signed. I asked if they were going to keep the exit sign and we discussed that if it is signed as an exit it must function as an exit and that might impact future use of the space. They decided to keep it and 6 months later I got another permit application to remove the sign because they were trying to re-configure the space and the door was in the way.
 
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So I am left with exception 3, "main exterior exit doors", the plural being the operative element. So the pathway(s) doesn't have to be marked because it is immediately visible, and the doors don't have to be marked because the are obvious. Both are subjective, so the building official is left with the directive to decide on whether the exit door location is obvious, and reader of the code is left with the directive to determine whether something is immediately visible.

Good golly, I think I'm right back where I started!

Does your Exception #3 say "main exterior exit doors," or does it say "main entrance door" as cited by walker.t? In the model 2021 IBC it's the former (but it's Exception #2, not #3):

1763665568939.png
This does not appear to have changed since the original 2000 IBC. The 2021 commentary (which I quoted above) clarifies that the intent is for this provision to apply to main exit doors that are the main entrance doors.
 
Exception #2 to 1013.1. (I typo'd the exception #)

2. Main exterior exit doors or gates that are obviously
and clearly identifiable as exits need not have exit
signs where approved by the building official.

Commentary

In accordance with Exception 2, where the main
exterior door through which occupants enter the
building is obviously an exit, exit signs are not
required.

Once again commentary includes concepts and/or examples not represented in the code text. Appears to be the exact same in 2021 and 2024.
 
Exception #2 to 1013.1. (I typo'd the exception #)

2. Main exterior exit doors or gates that are obviously
and clearly identifiable as exits need not have exit
signs where approved by the building official.

Commentary

In accordance with Exception 2, where the main
exterior door through which occupants enter the
building is obviously an exit, exit signs are not
required.

Once again commentary includes concepts and/or examples not represented in the code text. Appears to be the exact same in 2021 and 2024.

The purpose of the Commentary isn't to reproduce the code, it's to explain the code and to provide guidance in the application of the code. I understand that Commentary comments are not enforceable, but the code is enforceable. Unless something in a comment directly conflicts with the actual code section it's supposed to be explaining, the comments are generally a good place to start in applying the actual code language.
 
The purpose of the Commentary isn't to reproduce the code, it's to explain the code and to provide guidance in the application of the code. I understand that Commentary comments are not enforceable, but the code is enforceable. Unless something in a comment directly conflicts with the actual code section it's supposed to be explaining, the comments are generally a good place to start in applying the actual code language.
Agreed and understood. But it is the commentary that introduces, as an example, the idea that the main exit is the main entrance, when entrance isn't part of the code text. It would be easy to equate a main entry with a main exit especially when the commentary mentions entry no less than 4 times in the single paragraph for the exception but a lot of exits are not entries, for various reasons. walker.t did it in his post, I have done it, I'm sure others have done it, but entrance is not part of the code in this case. If the code intended that only a main entrance door is qualified to serve as a main exit, it should say so, but I don't think that is the intent, even if the only example uses suggests it. But I am wrong more than I am right, so who knows.
 
"main exterior exit doors", the plural being the operative element.
I think this provision lets you apply 1013.1 even if you have only one door:
2021 IBC 201.2 Interchangeability (emphasis added)
Words used in the present tense include the future; words used in the masculine gender include the feminine and neuter; the singular numbers includes the plural and the plural, the singular.

Both are subjective, so the building official is left with the directive to decide on whether the exit door location is obvious, and reader of the code is left with the directive to determine whether something is immediately visible.
I think it’s also understood that both the designer and building official will be reasonable in their subjective determination, per Exception 2 the building official’s discretion wins if there’s a disagreement.

or does it say "main entrance door" as cited by walker.t
Yes, code says “doors,” I just used “door” because I was referring to the one main door for this project.

Good golly, I think I'm right back where I started!
No, you have made a reasonable assessment of the plan and believe that the main entrance door is “obviously and clearly identifiable,” Exception 2 allows you do make that determination.

but a lot of exits are not entries, for various reasons. walker.t did it in his post, I have done it, I'm sure others have done it
Good point, I didn’t even notice I did that, we are talking about exit signs, not entrance signs, yet I referred to the “main entrance door.” But I think you’re correct that the intent is not that the exit must be an entrance as well - even the commentary in #13 did it, “The entrance is centrally located within the building. These main exterior exit doors…”.
 
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Will either side door be locked during business hours? Unpredictable weather won’t cause a door to be locked?
 
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