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California board approves emergency drought rules for toilets, faucets sold after Jan

mark handler

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California board approves emergency drought rules for toilets, faucets sold after Jan. 1

BY JIM MILLERJMILLER@SACBEE.COM

04/08/2015

http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article17873477.html

Faucets, toilets and urinals sold after Jan. 1 will have to use much less water under emergency drought regulations approved Wednesday by the California Energy Commission.

Acting under the authority of Gov. Jerry Brown’s drought executive order earlier this month, the energy commission voted unanimously for the higher water efficiency standards, which will reduce water flow limits by half or more for some appliances.

Officials said the move will save 10.3 billion gallons of water in the first year, as well as 30.6 million therms of natural gas and 218 gigawatt hours of electricity. Water savings will total an estimated 730 billion gallons over 10 years, they said.

“It's a great opportunity in California for water-efficient devices now and in the future,” commission chairman Robert B. Weisenmiller said.

Under the new rules, bathroom faucets for sale after Jan. 1 could use no more than 1.2 gallons per minute, down from the current 2.2 gallons per minute. Kitchen faucets would be reduced from 2.2 gallons per minute to 1.8 gallons per minute. Public bathroom faucets would be reduced from 2.2 gallons per minute to a half-gallon.

In addition, wall-mounted urinals could use no more than .125 gallons of water, down from one-half a gallon. Wednesday’s vote also sets a 1.28 gallon maximum water flow for toilets, putting in place a limit included in a 2007 law but never formally translated into water-efficiency regulations.

Wednesday’s vote does not apply to showerheads, which currently are capped at 2.5 gallons of water per minute.

According to the energy commission, California has 30 million toilets, 1 million urinals and more than 45 million faucets of various types. The agency said the new rules will not increase the cost of the fixtures.

The vote is the latest government attempt to increase water efficiency standards in homes and businesses. Since the 1990s, new homes have had to include various water-saving features. In Jan. 1, 2014, a 2009 law took effect requiring the installation of water-saving toilets, shower heads and faucets during any remodels or improvements to a single-family home more than 20 years old.

Brown’s April 1 executive order, the first mandatory water cutbacks in California history, directs California’s more than 3,000 urban water providers to collectively reduce their water use by 25 percent below 2013 levels.
 
Wednesday’s vote does not apply to showerheads, which currently are capped at 2.5 gallons of water per minute.
A very wise decision

[h=1]Scald and Thermal Shock Hazards[/h] Most standard flow showerheads, sold before 1992, were designed for water flow rates of 3 to 7 gallons per minute. The shower valve or tub/shower valve was designed to accommodate that water flow. The low flow or water saver showerhead significantly reduces the shower valve’s water flow and thus cannot avoid sudden and extreme water temperature changes. These temperature changes can result in scalding or thermal shock.

Thermal shock is a traumatic physical reaction due to the rapid water temperature increase or decrease. It can cause injury due to the person’s impulsive reaction leads to falls or even over compensating when adjusting the water temperature. The most common instance of thermal shock is when a toilet is flushed while someone is showering. This scenario results in a sudden change to hot water. A sudden change to cold water can happen when a clothes or dish washer in the same building abruptly turns on the hot water. Auto compensating type shower valves were designed to avoid scalding due to water pressure and/or temperature changes.

Installing a low flow showerhead with a shower valve that is not auto compensating is extremely dangerous. It is important to match the minimum flow rate of the shower valve with the maximum flow rate of the showerhead. Modern building codes forbid attempting to resolve this issue by lowering the temperature of the hot water heater. The reason that this will not compensate is because the water heater thermostat is at the bottom of the tank where cold water enters. The hot water rises and flows out of the top of the water heater and can be 30 to 40 degrees hotter than the temperature that the water heater is set at.

The American Society of Sanitary Engineering has published a white paper that discusses these risks and how to avoid them.

Scald Hazards Associated with Low Flow Showerheads.

(From the White Paper)

Safety and water conservation are very important issues to ASSE. However, safety is more important thanwater conservation in some cases. When a shower or tub/shower valve is being retrofitted with a newwater conserving showerhead, it is extremely important to make sure that the new low-flow showerheadis installed on an automatic compensating type shower valve that conforms to ASSE 1016, PerformanceRequirements for Automatic Compensating Valves for Individual Showers and Tub/Shower Combinations,or ASME A112.18.1016/CSA B125.16, Plumbing Supply Fittings, that will compensate for changes inincoming pressures and/or temperatures at the lower flow rates. We need to save water wisely bymatching the flow rate of the showerhead with the flow rate of the shower valve in order to prevent aserious injury to someone using a shower.For the safety of you, your family and the public, it is recommended that a properly trained and licensedplumbing contractor be hired to inspect your shower valve to make sure it is an automatic compensatingtype shower valve that meets the code required industry standards for shower valves. Follow the manufacturer’srecommended installation instructions for proper installation and adjust the maximum temperaturelimit stop to a safe temperature. The plumbing contractor should also perform a flow test with the newlow-flow showerhead attached by flowing water from nearby fixtures that utilize hot and cold water tosee if there is a sudden change in temperature while the shower is flowing and the other fixtures arebeing used. All work should be completed in accordance with local codes.The installer should check the manufacturer’s recommended minimum flow rate for the shower or tub/shower valve when installing only a new water saver showerhead. If the recommended minimum flowrate of the shower or tub/shower valve is greater than the flow rate of the new water saver showerhead,replace the valve with one that matches the flow rate of the showerhead.YOU SHOULD NEVER RELY ON SIMPLY TURNING THE THERMOSTAT ON YOUR WATER HEATERTO A LOWER TEMPERATURE TO CONTROL THE WATER TEMPERATURE AT A SHOWERHEAD OR
 
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